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spinal manipulation
Spinal manipulation is a therapeutic intervention performed on spinal articulations which are synovial joints. These articulations in the spine that are amenable to spinal manipulative therapy include the z-joints, the atlanto-occipital, atlanto-axial, lumbosacral, sacroiliac, costotransverse and costovertebral joints.
National guidelines come to different conclusions with respect to spinal manipulation with some not recommending it, some describing manipulation as optional, and others recommending a short course in those who do not improve with other treatments.
== History ==
Spinal manipulation is a therapeutic intervention that has roots in traditional medicine and has been used by various cultures, apparently for thousands of years. Hippocrates, the "father of medicine" used manipulative techniques,〔Dean C. Swedlo, "(The Historical Development of Chiropractic. )" pp. 55-58, ''The Proceedings of the 11th Annual History of Medicine Days'', Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary〕 as did the ancient Egyptians and many other cultures.〔Burke, G.L., "(Backache from Occiput to Coccyx )" Chapter 1〕 A modern re-emphasis on manipulative therapy occurred in the late 19th century in North America with the emergence of osteopathic and chiropractic medicine. Spinal manipulative therapy gained recognition by mainstream medicine during the 1960s.〔Burke, G.L., "(Backache from Occiput to Coccyx )" Chapter 7〕
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